This module compares major malaria control interventions—including RTS,S vaccination, gene-drive strategies, drug therapies, vector control, and evolving technologies—and evaluates their strengths and limitations. The narrator examines why malaria remains resilient despite decades of interventions. The session culminates in a clear explanation of why mRNA vaccines offer a more adaptable, rapid, and scalable approach for targeting complex parasitic antigens that older platforms cannot easily express.